Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesca Sanna Randaccio Author-WorkPlace-Name: Sapienza University of Rome Title: Foreign Direct Investment, Multinational Entreprises and Climate Change Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) may play a key role in the global effort to shift towards a low-carbon economy. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) can contribute in several important ways to climate change mitigation, by providing emission-saving technologies, financial resources and managerial skills to resource-constrained economies. On the other hand, the fact that firms are internationally mobile may limit the possibility to implement unilaterally mitigation measures, due to concerns about competitiveness and leakage. These issues were examined at a recent ICCG Workshop, bringing together experts from different professional contexts and disciplinary backgrounds. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Multinational Enterprises, Climate Change Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: January File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4502 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.01-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simone Cerroni Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: How Do Lay People Perceive Climate-Change Related Risks? Abstract: The study of climate change perceptions of people Many studies in psychology suggest that laypeople perceive climate change as a moderate risk. While the climate changes were described as an abstract phenomenon in previous investigations, here we describe climate change as the source of a concrete environmental risk, similar to the pine beetle infestation risk of the Texas forest. Texans believe that climate change will increase the pine beetle infestation risk and that a big proportion of pine forests in the state will be damaged by the year 2050. We conclude that people’s perception increases when these risks have direct and negative consequences on their own lives. Classification-JEL: C91, D81, Q23 Keywords: Climate Change, Risk Perception Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: January File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4561 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.01-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabio Eboli Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: FEEM Sustainability Index 2011: Methodological Approach and Main Results Abstract: Sustainable Development is amongst the top priorities within policy agendas worldwide. Over 20 years of research have failed to deliver to policymakers a reliable and useful tool for sustainability quantitative assessment. FEEM has developed a new methodological approach to generate an aggregate Sustainable Index that allows, within an internally coherent framework, describing the current picture of sustainability at world level and highlighting potential improvements in the next future driven by ad hoc policies. Classification-JEL: Q01, Q56, C68, D58 Keywords: Sustainable Development, Computable General Equilibrium, Aggregation Methodology Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: January File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4505 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.01-03 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo P. Drollas Author-WorkPlace-Name: Director and Chief Economist, Centre for Global Energy Studies Author-Name: Bahattin Buyuksahin Author-WorkPlace-Name: Senior Oil Market Analyst, International Energy Agency Author-Name: Bassam Fattouh Author-WorkPlace-Name: Director, Oil & Middle East Programme, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Author-Name: David Fyfe Author-WorkPlace-Name: Head of Oil Industry & Market Division, International Energy Agency Title: Interviews with the experts on "Financial Speculation in the Oil Market and the Determinants of the Oil Price"(PARTI I) Abstract: On January 12-13, 2012, FEEM organized a brainstorming workshop on “Financial Speculation in the Oil Market and the Determinants of the Oil Price” gathering together leading scholars in the field of energy economics and top professionals from international financial and energy institutions to discuss the definition and role of speculation in the oil derivatives market. Keywords: Financial Speculation, Oil Price Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: January File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4510 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.01-04 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas F. Helbling Author-WorkPlace-Name: Head of Energy and Commodities Surveillance Unit Research Department, IMF Author-Name: Vincent Kaminski Author-WorkPlace-Name: Professor in the Practice of Executive Education, Rice University Author-Name: Lutz Kilian Author-WorkPlace-Name: Professor of Economics, University of Michigan Author-Name: Robert Levin Author-WorkPlace-Name: Managing Director Energy Research & Product Development, CME Group Title: Interviews with the experts on "Financial Speculation in the Oil Market and the Determinants of the Oil Price" (PART II) Abstract: On January 12-13, 2012, FEEM organized a brainstorming workshop on “Financial Speculation in the Oil Market and the Determinants of the Oil Price” gathering together leading scholars in the field of energy economics and top professionals from international financial and energy institutions to discuss the definition and role of speculation in the oil derivatives market. Keywords: Financial Speculation, Oil Price Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: January File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4591 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.01-05 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valentina Bosetti Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, CMCC Title: REDD and Clean Technologies Innovations. Is there a Trade-off? Abstract: A key policy question when discussing REDD is how to balance low-cost forestry emission reductions, available in the near term, with investments to drive technological innovation in energy, industry, and other sectors over the longer period. In this article we report a research effort showing that the link of REDD to an international carbon market is, as expected, economically efficient. In addition, provided that the climate policy is stringent (we explore here a 535 ppmv CO2e concentration target), the cost savings due to REDD should entail only a modest tradeoff in terms of reduced clean energy innovation. Reduced clean energy innovation could in principle handicap future efforts to reduce global emissions. However, this analysis suggests that the availability of REDD, in particular when combined with the possibility of banking emission allowances, could provide a head start on climate mitigation that is an aggregate hedge against uncertain future costs. Integrating REDD into global carbon markets could thus lower policy costs and facilitate more ambitious climate policies now and in the future. Classification-JEL: Q23 Keywords: REDD, Technological Innovation Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: January File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4501 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.01-06 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Bastianin Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Milan-Bicocca, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Matteo Manera Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Milan-Bicocca, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Marcella Nicolini Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Pavia, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Ilaria Vignati Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Speculation, Returns, Volume and Volatility in Commodities Futures Markets Abstract: Our study contributes to the literature in two directions. First, we investigate the behaviour of futures prices returns for different energy and agricultural commodities, over the period 1986-2010. Second, we measure the market vulnerability to financial speculation for energy commodities over the period 1992-2010. We find that financial speculation is poorly significant in modelling returns in commodities futures, while macroeconomic and financial factors are relevant. Spillovers between commodities are present and correlations among commodities volatilities are large and time-varying. A higher degree of vulnerability to financial speculation characterizes the futures market for crude oil in the 2008 crisis. Classification-JEL: E32, G13 Keywords: Energy, Commodities, Futures markets, Speculation, GARCH, Market depth, Volumes Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: January File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4509 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.01-07 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claudio Morana Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Milan-Bicocca, CeRP-Collegio Carlo Alberto, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, International Centre for Economic Research Title: Real Oil Prices since the 1990s Abstract: In this study real oil price dynamics have been assessed over few important episodes since the 1990s. The evidence provides support to the demand side view: in this respect, macroeconomic shocks would appear to be the major upward driver of the real oil price over the whole period investigated, with financial shocks sizably contributing as well, and even at a larger extent since mid-2000s. A macro-finance perspective does appear to be important for the understanding of real oil price dynamics since the 1990s. Classification-JEL: C22, E32, G12 Keywords: Oil price, Macro-finance Interface, International Business Cycle, Factor Vector Autoregressive Models Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: January File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4558 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.01-08 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valentina Bosetti Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, CMCC Author-Name: Michela Catenacci Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Giulia Fiorese Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Politecnico di Milano Italy Author-Name: Elena Verdolini Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, CMCC Title: The Future Prospects of PV and CSP Solar Technologies Abstract: The present article briefly discusses the results of an expert elicitation survey on solar technologies carried out within the ICARUS project on innovation in carbon-free energy technologies. Sixteen leading European experts from the academic world, the private sector and international institutions took part in this survey on Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies. The elicitation process collected probabilistic information on (1) how Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) investments will impact the future costs of solar technologies and (2) the potential for solar technology deployment and diffusion both in OECD and non-OECD countries. Understanding the technological progress and the potential of solar PV and CPS technologies is crucial to draft appropriate energy policies. The results presented in this paper are thus relevant for the policy making process and can be used as better input data in integrated assessment and energy models. Classification-JEL: Q42, Q55 Keywords: Expert Elicitation, Research, Development and Demonstration, Solar Technologies Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: January File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4401 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.01-09 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salvatore Carollo Author-WorkPlace-Name: eni Trading & Shipping Senior Advisor, London Title: The Divorce between Brent and the Oil Prices Abstract: For some years now, the price of oil has been out of control. None of the industry players are able to set the price level or influence its movement. Some consumers still believe that the oil price is determined within the context of the power balance between producers and consumers, but since the end of 1998, no one has been able to forecast the oil price correctly. Keywords: Oil Price Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: February File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4568 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.02-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Poddi Author-WorkPlace-Name: University or Brescia Author-Name: Sergio Vergalli Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Brescia, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Does Corporate Social Responsibility Pay? Abstract: Our work would like to discover whether certain performance indicators are affected by a firm’s social responsible behaviour and their certifications by looking at panel data. The novelty of our analysis is due to its dynamic aspect and from a CSR index that intersects two of the three main international indices (Domini 400 Social Index, Dow Jones Sustainability World Index, FTSE4Good Index), to be objective and obtain a representative sample. The main results seem to support the idea that CSR firms which are more virtuous, have better long run performance. They have some initial costs but obtain higher sales and profits due to several causes reputation effect, a reduction of long run costs and increased social responsible demand. Classification-JEL: M14, C23, O10 Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Growth Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: February File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4605 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.02-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Bosello Author-WorkPlace-Name: FEEM, University of Milan, CMCC Author-Name: Fabio Eboli Author-WorkPlace-Name: FEEM, CMCC Author-Name: Roberta Pierfederici Author-WorkPlace-Name: FEEM, CMCC Title: Assessing the Economic Impacts of Climate Change Abstract: The present research describes a climate change integrated impact assessment exercise, whose economic evaluation is based on a CGE approach and modeling effort. Estimates indicate that a temperature increase of 1.92°C compared to pre-industrial levels in 2050 (consistent with the A1B IPCC SRES scenario) could lead to global GDP losses of approximately 0.5% compared to a hypothetical scenario where no climate change is assumed to occur. Northern Europe is expected to slightly benefit (+0.18%), while Southern and Eastern Europe are expected to suffer from the climate change scenario under analysis (-0.15% and -0.21% respectively). Most vulnerable countries are the less developed regions, such as South Asia, South-East Asia, North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. Classification-JEL: C68, Q51, Q54 Keywords: Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, Impact Assessment, Climate Change Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: February File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4569 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.02-03 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bassam Fattouh Author-WorkPlace-Name: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, St Antony’s College, Oxford University, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Title: Speculation and Oil Price Formation Abstract: Can the boom in oil prices be explained in terms of tightened market fundamentals? Or has the oil market been distorted by the entry of financial players? This article will try to shed light on the marked increase in volatility during the latest 2008-2009 price cycle and on the role of speculators in the oil market. Classification-JEL: Q4, Q48 Keywords: Oil Market, Speculation Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: February File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4634 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.02-04 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bahattin Büyüksahin Author-WorkPlace-Name: Oil Industry and Markets Division, International Energy Agency (IEA-OECD) Author-Name: Michel A. Robe Author-WorkPlace-Name: Kogod School of Business, American University Title: Does It Matter Who Trades Energy Derivatives? Abstract: In the past decade, financial institutions have assumed an ever greater role in energy derivatives (or “paper”) markets. Numerous recent studies provide novel evidence of this “financialization” and analyze the extent to which it helps explain an important aspect of the distribution of energy returns. In this paper, we summarize their findings, identify some questions that remain unanswered, and discuss what data or theoretical breakthroughs could shed light on those issues. Classification-JEL: G10, G12, G13 , G23 Keywords: Financial Institutions, Energy Derivatives, Speculation, Financialization, Cross-Market Linkages Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4638 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.03-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlo Carraro Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Venice, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Emanuele Massetti Author-WorkPlace-Name: Postdoctoral Fellow at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, FEEM, CMCC Title: Prospects for Energy and Climate Policy in China Abstract: This article describes future energy and emissions scenarios in China. Using the scenarios on future economic development, energy use and emissions generated by the Integrated Assessment Model WITCH, a few key messages are highlighted. In particular, for the crucial role that China has and will have in determining global future climate, it is of utmost importance that the gap between the stated goals and what appears politically feasible is filled in the next ten-twenty years. Classification-JEL: Q4 Keywords: Climate Change, China, Energy Efficiency, Energy and Development Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4649 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.03-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert N. Stavins Author-WorkPlace-Name: Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government, Director of the Harvard Environmental Economics Program, and Chairman of the Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Group Title: An Unambiguous Consequence of the Durban Climate Talks Abstract: One of the major outcomes of the Durban Climate Conference in 2011 was the “Durban Platform for Enhanced Action” - a non-binding agreement to forge a new treaty by 2015 that will bring all countries under the same legal regime by 2020. This article will explain why the “Durban Platform for Enhanced Action” has opened an important window in climate talks. Classification-JEL: Q5, Q58 Keywords: Climate Change, Climate Negotiations Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4650 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.03-03 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacopo Crimi Author-WorkPlace-Name: Chief Economist of the International Energy Agency, Paris Title: On the way to Rio+20: Fatih Birol on Climate Change, Nuclear and Energy Poverty Abstract: Fatih Birol, chief economist of the International Energy Agency, provides FEEM with an insight on the IEA position on the critical issue of energy poverty, in the year of Sustainable Energy for All and on the path towards Rio +20. He focuses on the relationship between climate change and energy access, confirming the main findings of FEEM's international workshop on "Energy Poverty and Access to Energy in Developing Countries". Keywords: Rio+20, Energy Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4695 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.03-04 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manfred Hafner Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Simone Tagliapietra Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Rethinking the EU Gas Security of Supply Architecture Abstract: The European gas industry has experienced over the last decades an extraordinary success. Natural gas could well continue to play an important -and even increasing- role in the future European energy mix. However, some actions will be necessary to reinforce the overall EU gas security of supply architecture. Keywords: Energy, Gas Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4690 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.03-05 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dino Pinelli Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Making the Most of Diversity: Conditions for Living Together (differently) Abstract: The ever growing flows of people, goods, images and ideas at global level are changing the way we see and experience diversity. Diversity can be an advantage, for companies, cities, and countries, but it demands re-defining policies and institutions. In this process, cultures should not be taken as pre-given, fixed and monolithic entities. Rather, we should acknowledge that individuals are bundles of orientations that evolve dynamically within social, political and economic processes and contexts. Acknowledging this principle implies re-thinking the form and structures of the polity as well as the way we approach and build social relations on the ground. Classification-JEL: Z1 Keywords: Cultural Diversity Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4693 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.03-06 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alessandro Tavoni Author-WorkPlace-Name: Grantham Research Institute, London School of Economics and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Coordinating to Protect the Global Climate Abstract: Efforts to provide global public goods clash with the challenges of coordinating contributions and distributing costs equitably. In this experimental setting, the researchers distribute endowments unequally among a group of people who can reach a target sum through successive contributions. Results suggest that coordination-promoting institutions and early redistribution are decisive for the avoidance of global calamities. Classification-JEL: Q5 Keywords: Climate Change Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: April File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4714 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.04-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Bigano Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Manfred Hafner Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Patrick Criqui Author-WorkPlace-Name: CNRS and EDDEN Title: Energy Security through Environmental Sustainability: the SECURE Project Abstract: Between now and 2050, humanity must face a double problem: the growing scarcity of oil and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These “bathtub problems” cannot be considered independently as hydrocarbon scarcity paves the way to coal, while climate policies open the path to low carbon societies. Smart energy policies and associated international relations should combine the security and sustainability dimensions. Solving this already complicated riddle may appear an even harder task after the Fukushima disaster, which has spread worldwide serious doubts about the opportunity of relying on the only virtually carbon free, large scale energy generation technology currently commercially viable. Classification-JEL: Q4, Q41, Q48 Keywords: Energy Security Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: April File-URL: http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4714 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.04-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alireza Naghavi Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Bologna and FEEM Author-Name: Maria Comune Author-WorkPlace-Name: Università of Siena and FEEM Title: The Globalisation of Innovation: Challenges and Opportunities for Europe Abstract: The recent economic crisis has brought to light the importance of opportunities that lie in the newly emerging markets (South). Today, we observe southern multinational corporations acquiring access to key resources of knowledge and technologies through global networks of innovation. Should Europe fear the rise of the South or see this global trend as an occasion to turn the threats into opportunities? Mapping the new geography of innovative activities and understanding barriers to international innovation collaborations has been the main objective of the EU 7th Framework Program project INGINEUS. The article introduces the notion of global innovation networks and presents the main results and policy options for both Europe and its southern partners to gain from challenges faced from the internationalisation of innovation activities. Classification-JEL: O3, O52 Keywords: Newly emerging economies, Europe, Innovation, Internationalisation, Networks, R&D Offshoring Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: May File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4811 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.05-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadia Ameli Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Daniel M. Kammen Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of California, Berkeley Title: Does Income Distribution Affect Energy Investments? Abstract: New methods are needed to accelerate clean energy policy adoption. Financing barriers represent a notable obstacle for energy improvements, especially in those countries where most of the population belongs to the low-middle income range, thus facing financial constraints. A policy such as PACE – Property Assessed Clean Energy – provides up-front funds to residential property owners, allowing them to install electric and thermal solar systems and to make energy-efficiency improvements to their buildings. This article discusses the potential application of PACE to the Italian case study. Classification-JEL: Q42, Q55 Keywords: Financing Barriers, Energy Efficiency, Solar PV, Energy Investments Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: May File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4811 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.05-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giulio Sapelli Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Milan and FEEM Title: Is the Land-Grabbing Era Drawing to an End? Abstract: Over the last decade multinational corporations have made large-scale acquisitions of forests and agricultural areas in Sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Australia and Oceania, often to the detriment of indigenous inhabitants. On May 11 2012, for the first time in history, 124 states have signed a document which encourages fair behaviour of the economic players, thanks to observance of common law, asking them to consult, inform and negotiate with the local communities. Classification-JEL: Q01, Q15, Q18 Keywords: Natural Resources, Land Property Rights Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: May File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4859 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.05-03 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ines Oesterle Author-WorkPlace-Name: Centro di Economia Regionale, dei Trasporti e del Turismo CERTeT - Bocconi University Title: The Logic behind the Green Paradox Abstract: The Green Paradox is a phenomenon that arises when climate policies actually worsen the problem of global warming. For several years, the topic has become of interest to European economists. This article reviews a selection of contributions to the Green Paradox literature and discusses the relevance of the theory for real world climate policies. Classification-JEL: Q31, Q54, Q58 Keywords: Climate Policies, Green Paradox Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: May File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4872 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.05-04 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katie Johnson Author-WorkPlace-Name: FEEM and Ca’ Foscari University of Venice Author-Name: Robin Leichenko Author-WorkPlace-Name: Rutgers University Author-Name: David Major Author-WorkPlace-Name: Columbia University Title: Assessing Climate Change Costs and Benefits for Regional Ecosystems Abstract: The costs and benefits of climate change impacts and adaptations for the ecosystems sector are inherently difficult to quantify. While some facets of the sector are revenue-generating and are therefore amenable to certain cost-benefit assumptions, other facets have intrinsic, non-market values that are less appropriate for a cost-benefit framework. Furthermore, precise knowledge about the nature of climate impacts and the types of adaptation options available is limited. Using New York State as a case study, this article applies a six-step methodology to identify which components of the state's ecosystems sector will potentially face the greatest costs as the result of climate change, and to suggest areas that require more detailed investigation of both impacts and adaptation options. Classification-JEL: Q51, Q54, R51 Keywords: Economics of adaptation, Ecosystems, Climate Change, Impacts Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4888 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.06-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michele Moretto Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Padova Author-Name: Sergio Vergalli Author-WorkPlace-Name: FEEM and University of Brescia Title: European Migration Policies: the Effect of Uncertainty Abstract: In our article we study how uncertainty affects migration choice and how networks are able to mitigate its effects. In particular, we describe a real option model where the migration choice depends on both the wage differential between the host country and the country of origin, and on a network of homogeneous immigrants. By looking at the labour market uncertainty, the optimal migration decision of an individual consists of waiting to migrate in a (coordinated) mass of individuals. By looking at policy uncertainty, we try to explain if it is better for the government to tighten or relax limits for immigrants in order to control migration inflows. Our results show that promoting uncertainty over migration limit may improve the government's control on migration inflows (quotas). In particular, we show that if the government controls the information related to the immigration stock it could delay the mass entry of immigrants, maintaining the required stock in the long run and controlling the flows in the short-run. Therefore, if the government's aim is to delay and/or control entry migration waves, it could control the uncertainty on the information related to the immigration quota. Classification-JEL: J2, J61 Keywords: Immigration, Real Option, Quota Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4894 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.06-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Derek Eaton Author-WorkPlace-Name: Centre for International Environmental Studies, Graduate Institute Author-Name: Ottmar Edenhofer Author-WorkPlace-Name: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Title: Green Economy Needs a Carbon Price Abstract: In these interviews on the key topics under discussion at Rio+20, Derek Eaton, co-author of UNEP's Green Economy Report, presents an overview of the Green Economy principles, whilst Professor Ottmar Edenhoffer, co-chair of IPCC WGIII, warns that any step towards sustainability must consider putting a price on carbon. Classification-JEL: J2, J61 Keywords: Rio20, Sustainability, Climate change Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4898 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.06-03 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arno Behrens Author-WorkPlace-Name: Centre for European Policy Studies Author-Name: Laura Cozzi Author-WorkPlace-Name: , International Energy Agency Author-Name: Shonali Pachauri Author-WorkPlace-Name: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Author-Name: Josué Tanaka Author-WorkPlace-Name: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Title: Energy Access in Rio 20 Abstract: While the earth summit Rio+20 is taking place, top scholars from IEA, KTH, CEPS, IIASA and EBRD discuss the main issues concerning Energy poverty which should be kept at the centre of the political and scientific debate. Classification-JEL: Q54, I32, Q41 Keywords: Rio20, Sustainability, Climate Change, Energy poverty Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4899 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.06-04 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabio Eboli Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Rio+20: Real Progress towards Measuring Sustainable Development? Abstract: The UNCSD Rio+20 meeting is expected to define the future paradigms of sustainable development. One of the main issues under discussion is the need for methodological and quantitative tools allowing for the continuous assessment and control of the progressive achievement of specific targets or, even better, of overall sustainability. This article presents an overview of the main obstacles toward achieving sustainable development, highlighting the limitations of the current measurement approaches. Classification-JEL: Q01, Q56 Keywords: Sustainable development, Rio+20, Quantitative tools Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4897 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.06-05 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Partha Dasgupta Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Cambridge Author-Name: Jean-Philippe Barde Author-WorkPlace-Name: formerly OECD Title: Rio+20: Successes and Failures Abstract: In the aftermath of Rio+20, failures and successes can be assessed: if the reform of UNEP, the battle against environmentally harmful subsidies and the acknowledgement of Green Growth as a pillar of Sustainable Development fall below expectations, the voluntary pledges made in Rio and the post-2015 process for Sustainable Development Goals leave a glimmer of hope. Classification-JEL: Q01 Keywords: Sustainability, Sustainable Development, Rio+20, Indicators, United Nations, Policy, Negotiations Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4923 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.06-06 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Currarini Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Venice and FEEM Title: International Integration and Political Preferences: New Insights from the Recent History of EMU Abstract: Many international treaties and cooperation processes require prospective member countries to achieve given standards in either economic, social or environmental quality. In this paper I explore the effect of such standards on domestic political preferences and outcomes. We argue that risk averse voters are likely to lean more on “safe” policy platforms in response to the increased polarization due to the membership requirement. This is particularly true when failure to join the international coalition implies severe losses. I then use these arguments to interpret the marked shift in political outcomes that took place in the Euro-zone prior to the adoption of the Euro in 2002, and propose a similar key of interpretation for political outcomes in countries that are at risk of exit from the EMU. Classification-JEL: F50, F59 Keywords: European Monetary Union, International Integration, Political Preferences Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: July File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4953 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.07-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valentina Bosetti Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, CMCC Author-Name: Michela Catenacci Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Giulia Fiorese Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Politecnico di Milano Italy Author-Name: Elena Verdolini Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Can Advanced Biofuels Deliver? Abstract: In the period 2010-2011 we carried out a survey of fifteen leading European experts on the future of advanced (second and third generation) biofuel technologies. The survey focuses on eliciting probabilistic information on the future costs of these technologies and on the potential role of RD&D (Research, Development and Demonstration) The information gathered from the experts sheds light on the evolution of biofuel technologies and results in a number of important policy recommendations with respect to biofuel RD&D investments. Classification-JEL: Q42, Q55 Keywords: Expert Elicitation, Research, Development and Demonstration, Biofuel Technologies Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: July File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4967 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.07-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stéphane Hallegatte Author-WorkPlace-Name: World Bank and Météo-France Title: From Growth to Green Growth Abstract: Green growth is about making growth processes resource-efficient, cleaner and more resilient without necessarily slowing them. The work presented aims at clarifying these concepts in an analytical framework and at proposing foundations for green growth. Classification-JEL: O10, O13, O44, Q01, Q50 Keywords: Economic Co-benefits, Environmental Benefits, Political Acceptability, Green Growth, Environmental Policies Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: August File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4924 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.08-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Margaretha Breil Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Author-Name: Katie Johnson Author-WorkPlace-Name: Ca’Foscari University of Venice and Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Title: Conceptualizing Urban Adaptation to Climate Change Abstract: Vulnerability to climate change is an increasingly relevant issue for urban policy makers. Recent efforts of urban management have looked beyond mitigation to focus on adaption measures to protect cities from increasing sea levels, temperatures and extreme events. Defining factors in urban climate change adaptation efforts include the level of administrative adaptation planning, the tools and information used in making policy choices, adaptation measures, and the roles of governance and finance. Classification-JEL: Q51, Q54, R51, R58 Keywords: Cities, Urban Areas, Adaptation, Climate Change, Governance Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: August File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4981 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.08-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reyer Gerlagh Author-WorkPlace-Name: Tilburg University Title: Carbon Prices for the Next Thousand Years Abstract: As changes in climate-related stocks have consequences spanning over centuries or possibly millennia to the future, to reconcile the discounting of such far-distant impacts and realism of the shorter-term decisions, hyperbolic time-preferences are considered in a climate-economy model. The results justify high carbon taxes as advocated by Stern while maintaining the realism of the macroeconomic outcome, thus providing a solution for the dilemma centering the carbon tax-discount rate debate. Classification-JEL: H430, H410, D610, D910, Q540, E210 Keywords: Carbon Tax, Discounting, Climate Change, Inconsistent Preferences Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: August File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4941 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.08-03 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simone Tagliapietra Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Rethinking the EU-Turkey Energy Cooperation Abstract: This article, presenting a wide range of issues related to the role of Turkey in the new Mediterranean, aims to provide a comprehensive framework of understanding of the growing strategic relevance of Turkey for both the European Union and the overall Euro-Mediterranean region. In particular, the article focuses on the EU-Turkey energy relations and outlines the crucial role of natural gas in enhancing energy cooperation between the two players. In 2010 about 80% of EU gas imports derived from only three suppliers: Russian Federation, Norway and Algeria. This heavy dependence on such a few suppliers stimulated the European Commission to make the concept of diversification a cornerstone of its energy policy and to launch the concept of the Southern Gas Corridor, an initiative aimed to develop a natural gas transit corridor from Caspian and Middle Eastern gas-rich regions to Europe, in order to ease the dependency on the natural gas imported from the Russian Federation. An initiative that could shift of the "center of gravity" of the regional gas transit from the north to the south of the Black Sea, allowing Turkey to become a key transit country in the future European gas market; a pivotal element in the European gas security of supply architecture. Furthermore, the article also considers the enormous renewable energy potential of Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries, to which Turkey could greatly contribute in terms of technology transfer and manufacturing know-how. Turkey’s involvement in the Union for the Mediterranean offers a great opportunity for energy cooperation both between the EU and Turkey and within the overall Euro-Mediterranean region. Such large-scale renewable energy projects could greatly contribute to the economic development of the overall Mediterranean region, and also to its social and political stability. Classification-JEL: Q40, Q42, Q48 Keywords: Turkey, Mediterranean, EU Security of Supply, Energy geopolitics Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: September File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5019 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.09-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlo Andrea Bollino Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Perugia Title: 12th IAEE European Energy Conference: Energy Challenge and Environmental Sustainability Abstract: Carlo Andrea Bollino, Vice president of the Italian Association of Energy Economists and General Conference Chair of the 12th IAEE European Energy Conference, gives an overview of this year's main themes and challenges tackled during the conference. Keywords: Energy Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: September File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5041 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.09-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Latour Author-WorkPlace-Name: Sciences Po Paris Title: The Repeated Failures of International Negotiations for Environmental Protection Abstract: In this brief interview with FEEM, Bruno Latour explains why, in his opinion, international negotiations for environmental protection (e.g. Rio+20, UNFCC COPs, etc..) continue to fail. This has to do with an issue of proper representation of different interests, of scale, and because of the substantial separation between science and policy. Keywords: Climate Change, International Negotiations Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: September File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5056 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.09-03 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy Swanson Author-WorkPlace-Name: Graduate Institute of Geneva and Centre for International Environmental Studies Author-Name: Ben Groom Author-WorkPlace-Name: School for Oriental and Asian Studies, University of London Title: Biodiversity Bargaining: What is the Problem? Abstract: We distinguish between local problems of biodiversity loss and global ones, where international cooperation is required. Global biodiversity regulation involves choosing the optimal stopping rule regarding global land conversions, in order to ensure that some areas of unconverted natural reserves remain to support the production sector that exists on converted lands. The basic difficulty with implementing a solution to this global problem lies in the asymmetry in endowments between those states that have previously converted, and those that have not. There are benefits from global land conversion, and there must be agreement on their distribution before the conversion process can be halted. Since the institutions addressing global biodiversity problems are either highly ineffectual (benefit sharing agreements, prior informed consent clauses) or very extreme (incremental cost contracts), the biodiversity bargaining problem remains unresolved. For this reason we anticipate that suboptimal conversions will continue to occur, as a way of protesting the ineffective and unfair approaches employed in addressing this problem to date. Classification-JEL: Q240, Q280 Keywords: Global Biodiversity, International Environmental Policy, Nash Bargaining, Rational Threats Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: September File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5079 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.09-04 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Claire Ricci Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: The Mitigation Potential of Consumer Adoption of Smart Energy Behaviour Abstract: This article aims at analysing the potential of consumer empowerment and engagement in the electric power system, focusing on the case of Italy. Firstly, we build a System Dynamics model to evaluate the potential dynamics of consumer adoption of ‘Smart Energy Behaviours’, including within this term different levels and combinations of the following actions/behaviours: i) changes in the electricity consumption patterns; ii) effortless reduction of wasteful electricity consumption; iii) participation in Demand Response programmes; iv) residential electricity generation. Secondly, we evaluate the impacts of such adoption dynamics on the national electric power system in terms of electricity demand, system costs, and greenhouse gas emission reductions. Results indicate that consumer behavioural changes can induce important benefits to the system and participate to the reduction of the electric sector carbon footprint in an efficient way. Thus, innovative policies and initiatives that promote a more proactive end-user interaction and involvement in the consumption and production of electricity should be highly encouraged. Classification-JEL: Q01, Q42, Q54 Keywords: Smart-Grids, System Dynamics, Demand Response, Demand Management, Consumer Choices, Climate Policy Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: October File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5088 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.10-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian J. Bateman Author-WorkPlace-Name: Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE) at the University of Anglia and Head of Economics for the UK-National Ecosystem Assessment Title: National Ecosystem Assessment: the UK Experience Abstract: Ian J. Bateman, Head of Economics for the UK-National Ecosystem Assessment, summarises in a non-technical language the rationale for undertaking the first analysis of the UK's natural environment in terms of the benefits it provides to society and continuing economic prosperity. Keywords: Ecosystem Assessment Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: October File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5077 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.10-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Gattei Author-WorkPlace-Name: eni spa Title: Energy Security: the Industry Perspective Abstract: Francesco Gattei from Eni gives an overview of the industry perspective on the important issue of energy security, topic of his talk at the plenary session "Energy supply and security" at the 12th IAEE European Energy Conference. Keywords: Energy Security Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: October File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5117 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.10-03 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas B. Johansson Author-WorkPlace-Name: International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE) at the University of Lund, Sweden, and Global Energy Assessment Author-Name: Nebojsa Nakicenovic Author-WorkPlace-Name: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Vienna University of Technology and Global Energy Assessment (GEA) Title: The Global Energy Assessment Abstract: The Global Energy Assessment is a major initiative launched at the RIO+20 conference to assess worldwide global energy challenges. Interviewed by FEEM, Thomas B. Johansson, Executive Committee Co-Chair of the GEA, and Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Deputy Director of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, give an overview of the GEA report. Keywords: Energy Security Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: October File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5118 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.10-04 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bosetti Valentina Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici and Department of Economics, Bocconi University Author-Name: Cattaneo Cristina Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici Author-Name: Verdolini Elena Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici Title: Ethnic Heterogeneity and Knowledge Formation in Europe Abstract: Is the interaction of diverse cultures a factor hampering or facilitating the creation of new ideas? In the present article we summarize results of a study investigating the role of ethnic heterogeneity of the labour force in the creation of new knowledge. We employ a panel of 20 European countries and we study the impact of the share of foreigners in the skilled labour force on two measures of innovation, namely the number of patents and the number of citations of scientific publications. The empirical findings indicate that greater ethnic diversity in the skilled professions is associated with greater innovation. What underlined hypotheses may drive such result? First, skilled foreigners contribute to enlarge the size of the skilled labour force, which in turn is responsible for larger innovation. Second, foreigners positively affect natives' productivity. The interaction of diverse culture and problem solving approaches may indeed favour the creation of new ideas. Classification-JEL: F22, J24, O31 Keywords: Cultural Diversity, Innovation, Skilled Migration, Knowledge Production Function, Europe Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: November File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5148 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.11-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Einar Hope Author-WorkPlace-Name: Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration Title: Challenge Ahead for Energy Economists Abstract: Einar Hope, professor emeritus in Economics at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration explains what is, in his opinion, the main challenge ahead for Energy Economists. To face the rising complexity of the issues at stake, Hope explains why researchers need "to adopt an interdisciplinary approach" adding that "universities should change their rules in order to accept multidisciplinary research as part of the qualification system for academic careers". Keywords: Energy Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: November File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5172 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.11-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karine Nyborg Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Oslo Author-Name: Ian J. Bateman Author-WorkPlace-Name: University of Anglia and UK-National Ecosystem Assessment Author-Name: Kerry Smith Author-WorkPlace-Name: Arizona State University Author-Name: Jean-Philippe Barde Author-WorkPlace-Name: formerly OECD Title: Aftermath of the EAERE 2012 Conference Abstract: What is the role of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE)? In this interview granted to Re3, EAERE president Karine Nyborg explains what are the Association's short- and medium-term objectives. The sketch is completed by a set of video interviews to EAERE 2012 conference keynote speakers Ian J. Bateman, Kerry Smith and by the videos of the policy sessions at the same conference. Keywords: Sustainability, Sustainable Development Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: November File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5147 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.11-03 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luisa Corrado Author-WorkPlace-Name: Faculty of Economics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy and University of Cambridge, CreMic and CIMF Author-Name: Roberta Distante Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Obesity is Contagious! Evidence from US Data Abstract: Obesity is a rising epidemic. This research study shows that the scale of such a phenomenon is due to the effects of peers on individual weight-related behaviour, as well as to the limits on dynamic behavior imposed by habits. We estimate a dynamic linear-in-means model to analyse the importance of social ties for US youth Body Mass Index. We show that imitation effects explain most of the variation in the Body Mass Index of individuals who were normal-weight and overweight during adolescence. Obese adolescents, instead, become future obese adults through wrong habits enforced by imitative behavior. These findings call for group-level policy interventions, as a social multiplier effect might take place. Classification-JEL: C01, D10, D71, I19, J11, Z13 Keywords: Overweight, Obesity, Peer Effects, Social Networks, Personal History, Dynamic Linear-in-means Model Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: November File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5210 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.11-04 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Longden Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: Growth, Mobility and Climate Policy: a Focus on the non-OECD Abstract: A focus on mobility, the kilometres travelled using light duty vehicles, and climate policy is motivated by the persistence of strong demand for personal mobility. Emissions have tended to be linked with population and economic growth which implies that a decoupling would need to occur for successful climate policy. Forecasts of population and income growth for non-OECD regions imply a significant challenge without such decoupling. A recent study that utilises the WITCH model shows that changes in the kilometres driven per year using light duty vehicles have a notable impact on investments in alternate transport options. As climate policy becomes more stringent, achieving abatement within increased mobility scenarios implies a rapid transition to electrified vehicles. Classification-JEL: Q54, R41, O3 Keywords: Light Duty Vehicles, Transportation, Mobility, Climate Change Policy, Electric Drive Vehicles, Research and Development Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: December File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5225 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.12-01 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marinella Davide Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Title: The Doha Climate Gateway. A First Key-Point Assessment Abstract: The Doha Climate Gateway. This is the name of the outcome of the 18th UNFCCC Conference, which took place in Doha, Qatar, from November 26 to December 8, 2012. After thirteen days of negotiations, parties managed to agree on a set of decisions to move the process forward and to save the Kyoto Protocol, at least in principle. Classification-JEL: Q5, Q58 Keywords: Climate Change, International Negotiations. Doha Climate Gateway Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: December File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5237 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.12-02 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabio Eboli Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and CMCC Author-Name: Marinella Davide Author-WorkPlace-Name: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and CMCC Title: The EU and Kyoto Protocol: Achievements and Future Challenges Abstract: This article assesses the European Union's positive performance in achieving its own Kyoto Protocol target, differently from the other Annex I countries. The analysis highlights a quite heterogeneous situation across Member States. The simultaneous contribution of both the EU Emission Trading System and the financial crisis have made EU compliance with the Kyoto commitment uncertain. Nevertheless, the last Conference of Parties has shown that EU is willing to lead future strategy to deal with climate change even though new international agreements may be either at risk or ineffective in environmental terms. Classification-JEL: Q54, Q58, G01 Keywords: Kyoto Protocol, European Union, Emission Trading System Journal: Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Year: 2012 Month: December File-URL: http://re3.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=5254 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:fem:femre3:2012.12-03